Question : My name is Pauline and I am a college student I have swollen gums and they bleed easily when I brush my teeth. Are these symptoms of gum disease?

Answer : In general, gum disease or periodontal disease describes bacterial growth and production of factors that gradually destroy the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are the two main stages of gum disease. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene which leads to plaque buildup (the sticky film of food debris and bacteria that forms constantly on the teeth) resulting in irritation of the gums.

Other contributing factors include cigarette smoking, stress, uncontrolled diabetes and certain medication use. Red, swollen and tender gums that bleed during brushing and flossing as well as persistent bad breath are warning signs of gingivitis.

Although gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease, if it is left untreated, it will progress into the more serious condition, periodontitis. Therefore, you should start practising proper oral care and get professional treatment to reverse the condition.

Brush your teeth at least twice daily and floss gently at least once a day. You can consult the dentist for advice on proper brushing and flossing techniques.

Studies have found that individuals who consume low levels of vitamin C have slightly higher risk of gum disease. The relationship between vitamin C and gum disease is due to vitamin C's role in maintaining and repairing healthy connective tissue along with its antioxidant properties.

You can supplement your diet with vitamin C and bioflavonoids, a class of water-soluble plant pigments. Vitamin C promotes healing especially bleeding gums while bioflavonoids retard plaque growth. A sustained- release, non-acidic vitamin C is stomach-friendly, does not irritate the stomach lining and release the vitamin C content into the body slowly over time. This feature is important as it ensures a steady vitamin C supply all day long.

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