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Ceflour
Ingredient(s)
Each tablet contains:
Cefuroxime (as Cefuroxime Axetil) ...... 250mg
Pharmacology (Summary of Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetics)
Cefuroxime axetil is an oral prodrug of the bactericidal cephalosporin
antibiotic cefuroxime. Cefuroxime is a well-characterized and effective
antibacterial agent which has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against a
wide range of common pathogens, including beta-lactamase-producing strains.
Cefuroxime has good stability to bacterial beta-lactamase and consequently,
is active against many ampicillin-resistant and amoxicillin-resistant
strains. The bactericidal action of cefuroxime results from inhibition of
cell-wall synthesis by binding to essential target proteins.
After oral administration, cefuroxime axetil is absorbed from the
gastro-intestinal tract and rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and
blood to release cefuroxime into the circulation. Optimum absorption occurs
when it is administered after a meal. Peak serum cefuroxime levels occur
approximately two to three hours after oral dosing. The serum half life is
about 1.2 hours. Approximately 50% of serum cefuroxime is protein bound.
Cefuroxime is not metabolised and is excreted by glomerular filtration and
tubular secretion. Concurrent administration of probenecid increases the
area under the mean serum concentration time curve by 50%. Serum levels of
cefuroxime are reduced by dialysis.
Indication(s)
For the treatment of the following infections due to susceptible
gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms:
upper and lower respiratory tract infections, genitourinary tract
infections, gonorrhoea, skin and soft tissue infections.
Dosage and Administration
The usual course of therapy is 7 days (range 5 to 10 days).
Ceflour should be taken after food for optimum absorption.
Adults and Adolescents over 13 years of age:
Most infections will respond to 250mg twice daily.
Mild to moderate lower tract infection, eg. Bronchitis: 250mg twice daily.
More severe lower tract infection if pneumonia is suspected: 500mg twice
daily. Urinary tract infection: 125mg twice daily.
Pyelonephritis: 250mg twice daily.
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea: 1g as a single dose.
Children:
The usual dose is 125mg twice daily.
For acute otitis media, children more than 2 years old: 250mg twice daily.
Ceflour tablets should not be crushed and are therefore unsuitable for
treatment of patients eg. younger children, who cannot swallow tablets.
There is no experience of using Ceflour in children <3 years.
Contraindication(s)
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.
Side Effect(s) / Adverse Reaction(s)
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Reports of pseudomembranous
colitis have occurred.
Hypersensitivity: Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis (exanthematic necrolysis) and hypersensitivity
reactions including rashes, urticaria, pruritus, drug fever, serum sickness
and very rarely anaphylaxis.
Haematological: Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (sometimes profound),
positive Coombs' test, pancytopenia, eosinophilia, increased prothrombin
time and very rarely hemolytic anemia.
Hepatic: Transient elevations in AST,
ALT and LDH. Hepatic impairment including hepatitis and cholestasis,
jaundice.
Central nervous system: Headache and dizziness.
Precaution(s)/Warning(s)
1. If a clinically significant allergic reaction to cefuroxime axetil
occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated
appropriately.
2. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial
agents, including cefuroxime, and may range from mild to life-threatening.
Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who
present with diarrhoea in association with the use of antibacterial agents.
Mild cases usually respond to drug discontinuation alone. In moderate to
severe cases, consideration should be given to management with fluids and
electrolytes, protein supplementation, and treatment with an antibacterial
drug effective against Clostridium difficile.
3. Cefuroxime axetil should be prescribed with caution in individuals with a
history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
4. Prolonged use of cefuroxime axetil may result in the overgrowth of
nonsusceptible organisms. If superinfection occurs during therapy,
appropriate measures should be taken.
Interaction with Other Medicaments
Concomitant administration of oral probenecid competitively inhibits tubular
secretion resulting in higher and more prolonged serum concentration of
cefuroxime.
Drugs that reduce gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability
of cefuroxime compared with that of fasting state and tend to cancel the
effect of postprandial absorption.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy: Animal studies have shown no evidence of impaired
fertility or teratogenicity. However, since there are no adequate or
well-controlled studies in pregnant women, this drug should be used during
pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing mothers: Because cefuroxime is excreted in human milk,
consideration should be given to discontinuing nursing temporarily during
treatment with cefuroxime axetil.
Symptoms and Treatment for Overdosage, and Antidote(s)
Overdosage of cephalosporins can cause cerebral irritation leading to
convulsions. Serum levels of cefuroxime can be reduced by haemodialysis or
peritoneal dialysis.
Shelf-Life
2 years from the date of manufacture.
Storage Condition(s)
Store at temperature below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep
medicine out of reach of children.
Product Description & Packing(s)
An elliptical white to off-white film coated tablet, one side embossed with
"YSP39".
Blister packing of 10's x 10, 10's x 50 and 10's x 100. |
