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Cloxacap
Description
Cloxacap 250 mg Capsule: Grey and orange capsule with "HD" printed on one
end of the capsule and "CX250" on the other end. Cloxacap 500 mg Capsule:
Orange opaque and black opaque capsule with "HD" printed on one end of the
capsule and "CX500" on the other end.
Composition
Cloxacillin Sodium equivalent to Cloxacillin 250 mg per capsule.
Cloxacillin Sodium equivalent to
Cloxacillin 500 mg per capsule.
Actions and Pharmacology
Cloxacillin, a bactericidal antibiotic, inhibits bacterial cell wall
synthesis by preventing cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains which is
necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. Also, cell division
and growth are inhibited and lysis of susceptible bacteria frequently
occurs.
Oral absorption is reduced by food. It is extensively bound to plasma
proteins and excretion is via renal and biliary systems.
Indications
For treatment of:
• Infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci
• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft-tissue infections
• Disseminated infections caused by pneumococci, group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci and penicillin G-resistant and penicillin G-sensitive
staphylococci
Contraindications
Avoid in patients known to be hypersensitive to penicillins.
Precautions
Risk-benefit should be considered when the following medical problems exist:
• General history of allergy such as asthma, eczema, hay fever and hives.
• History of bleeding disorders.
• History of gastrointestinal disease especially ulcerative colitis,
regional enteritis or antibiotic-associated colitis.
• Infections mononucleosis.
• Caution in patients with known histories of allergy and in severe renal
function impairment.
• Safety for use in pregnancy and
lactation has not been established.
Side/Adverse Effects
• Hematologic reactions, specifically neutropenia (sore throat and fever)
especially with high doses and platelet dysfunction (unusual bleeding or
bruising).
• Pseudomembranous colitis (severe abdominal or stomach cramps and pain;
abdominal tenderness, watery and severe diarrhoea, which may also be bloody;
fever).
• Interstitial nephritis (fever, rash, possibly decreased urine output,
proteinuria, hematuria).
• The most common adverse effect is a hypersensitivity reaction such as
diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.
Overdosage
Clinical features : Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort and
diarrhoea.
Treat overdosage by emesis or gastric lavage, if appropriate; and treat
gastrointestinal distress, if any, by giving milk every 3 hours alternating
with bismuth subcarbonate 5 g every 3 hours.
Drug Interactions and Incompatibilities
• Aspirin, Sulphamethoxypyridazine and Sulphaethidole inhibits the serum
binding of Cloxacillin in vitro and in vivo.
• Incompatible with Aminoglycoside, tetracyclines and other antimicrobial
agents including Erythromycin and Polymyxin B-sulphate.
Dosage and Administration
Cloxacillin should not be used orally for the initial treatment of severe
life-threatening infections, but may be used as a follow-up therapy after
parenteral penicillinase-resistant penicillin therapy.
Adult dose: Oral, 250 to 500 mg every six hours; or as directed.
Paediatric dose: Infants and children up to 20 kg of body weight:
Oral 12.5 to 25 mg per kg of body weight every six hours; or as directed.
Children 20 kg of body weight and over - See adult dose.
Note: The information given here is limited. For further information consult
your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage
Store below 25°C. Protect from
light and moisture.
Presentation/Packing
Capsule 250 mg x 1000's, 100's,
Blister of 10 x 10's
Capsule 500 mg x 100's, 500's,
Blister of 10 x 10's
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