Quercus robur (Fagaceae)

OAK, ENGLISH OAK, PEDUNCULATE OAK

The bark and galls of the oak tree are given by herbalists for acute diarrhoea, as a mouthwash for inflamed gums or ulcers and as a vaginal douche, and applied locally on piles, burns, and bleeding or weeping wounds.

The oak's reputation is as solid as its wood; it has ancient magical properties, has been used for both animal and human nutrition, is used as a dye and in leather tanning, and is one of the best astringent medicines. Many species of oak with similar uses are found around the world. Q. robur is native to Europe, north Africa, and west Asia but is associated traditionally with England. The tree can grow to an enormous girth and spread, and a height of up to 40 m (130 ft). The bark is smooth in young trees but soon becomes rough and deeply furrowed. The leaves are oval with large lobes, and are often deformed by galls (swellings) caused by insects. Flowers appear in summer, followed by acorns.

PARTS USED

Bark, galls.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Tannins, including phlobatannin, ellagitannins, and gallic acid.

ACTIONS

Astringent.

MEDICINAL USE

Given internally to treat acute diarrhoea, applied locally on burns, bleeding or weeping wounds, and piles. It is also used as a mouthwash in gingivitis (inflamed gums) and ulcers, and as a vaginal douche.

PREPARATIONS

Powdered bark, tincture.